Referencer
 
Elliott, J.H. 1972: Imperial Spain. (Rettet 1963 udgivelse).
Kamen, Henry: Spain 1469-1714. A Societv of Conflict. New York: Longmans, 1983.
Kellenbenz, Hermann 1976:  The Rise of the European Economy: An Economic History of Continental Europe from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century (Amazon)
Kleveren, Jacob van 1960: Europäische Wirtschaftsgeschichte Spaniens von 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts (Stuttgart, 1960).  
Lynch, John: Spain and America 1598-1700, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.
Lynch. John:. Bourbon Spain 1700-1808. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1995.
Mattingly, Garrett 1959: The Armada. Boston.
Parry, J.H: The Spanish Seaborne Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
Links
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~atlantic/syllabi/teaching/gonzalez.html
http://www.europas-historie.net/index.htm 
Payne, Stanley G.: A History of Spain and Portugal. Volume 1. Chapter Thirteen: The Spanish Empire. THE LIBRARY OF IBERIAN RESOURCES ONLINE. http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne13.htm

Referencer 

1:1
Bohn, M. 2004: Verdenshandelens historie. Verdenshandel.dk